Lumipad

Flight stack and radio: cognitive peak.

Week 3 is the program's cognitive peak. Trainees install the flight controller, GPS module, and receiver, then configure all three through BetaFlight — software work where mistakes are subtle (a wrong UART setting, an inverted accelerometer axis) rather than visible (a cold joint). The shift from physical build to software configuration is the steepest learning curve of the program. By Friday afternoon each drone has a complete flight stack and a bound radio, and the FC arms in response to the trainee's transmitter — but no propellers yet, no flying yet. Just the brain that next week will learn to fly.

Version 1.0 · Updated 05·2026 Author: Lumipad Engineering License: CC-BY-SA-4.0 Languages: EN · TL · CEB

Five days, in detail. Pick the day.

This page is the day-by-day expansion of Week 3 in the curriculum overview. Each day is its own panel below — click a day tab to see the morning and afternoon schedules in detail, the hands-on activities with steps, the materials list, common pitfalls, and the end-of-day check.

Designed for two audiences. Cohort instructors running a Week 3 cohort use this as the lesson plan — block-by-block timing, the rubric for the stack assessment, where trainees in earlier cohorts typically struggle (BetaFlight Modes tab is the big one). Trainees use this as preview-and-review — what configuration step to verify before each test, the BetaFlight tabs to revisit at home, what failsafe behaviour means and why it matters.

The cognitive peak. Week 1 was foundational; Week 2 was hands-on hardware. Week 3 is software configuration, where mistakes are subtle and visual inspection won't catch them. The instructor's job shifts again — from circulating between soldering stations to working through BetaFlight settings tab-by-tab with trainees. Cohort historical: Week 3 is the week with the highest Saturday-session rate (~10-15% of trainees, vs ~5% in Weeks 1-2). That's normal and expected; the curriculum builds in catch-up time. Trainees who struggle here typically catch up by Week 4.

What to bring; what to review.

Week 3 introduces the software side of drone work. Trainees should arrive Monday with their Week 2 half-drones (still locked in workshop) ready to receive the FC, and prepared for several days of working with BetaFlight Configurator. Software-confidence varies more than hardware-confidence; instructors plan for this.

Item What it is Why Source
1
Closed-toe shoes + long pants Standard cohort default workshop attire.
Hot iron still in use Monday-Wednesday for FC, GPS, and receiver soldering. Same protective baseline as Weeks 1-2.
Trainee provides
2
Notebook + pen Same as previous weeks. BetaFlight tabs, UART numbers, channel mappings — written notes are critical given how many specific values trainees will encounter.
Cohort experience: trainees who note BetaFlight tab settings produce dramatically fewer Friday assessment failures than those relying on memory.
Trainee provides
3
Their Week 2 build The half-drone trainees built last week. Workshop-stored over the weekend; trainees retrieve theirs Monday morning.
Week 3 work is performed on the same build trainees finished Week 2; FC mounts to the existing ESC stack. Build should be in the state Friday Week 2 left it (passed assessment, motors working).
Workshop storage
4
Workshop laptop or own laptop BetaFlight Configurator runs on a computer connected via USB-C to the FC. Cohort default: workshop has 4 laptops dedicated to BetaFlight; trainees can bring own laptops if preferred.
USB-C connection required; some trainees prefer their own laptops for after-hours practice. Workshop laptops have BetaFlight Configurator pre-installed.
Cohort program (workshop laptops) or trainee provides
5
Week 3 add-on kit BN-880 GPS module, FS-iA6B receiver, USB-C cable, FC mounting gummies (rubber soft-mounts), bind plug. Cohort program supplies; one kit per trainee's build.
~₱2,800 per trainee in additional components. Becomes part of trainee's drone for the rest of the program.
Cohort program supplies Monday morning
6
FlySky FS-i6X transmitter (shared) Cohort default 8 transmitters across the workshop, shared among trainees during configuration and binding.
Each trainee binds their build to a specific transmitter; cohort tracks which radio binds to which build for the rest of the program.
Cohort program · workshop transmitter pool

Recommended pre-week reading (optional but useful)

Trainees who arrive having read these track Week 3 content noticeably better:

  • fc-setup.html in full: the canonical reference for cohort default FC configuration — BetaFlight vs INAV vs ArduPilot decision, port mapping, motor and receiver setup, failsafe, OSD, modes, first-arm verification. ~30 min. Most useful pre-reading of the program.
  • parts.html Sections 4-5: GPS modules and receivers covered in detail. ~20 min.
  • tuning.html intro: not Week 3 content (tuning is Week 4) but the intro explains why PID values matter; sets up Week 3's "we're not flying yet" framing. ~10 min.
  • Re-review their Week 2 soldering notes: Week 3 has 3 small soldering jobs (FC ribbon cable, GPS UART, receiver UART); refreshing technique helps. Different challenge from Week 2's motor work — smaller pads, tighter spaces.
  • Watch any "BetaFlight first connection" video on YouTube: visual orientation to the configurator interface accelerates Day 1 afternoon. ~10-15 min.

Total: ~75-90 minutes of pre-reading. Strongly recommended this week (more than Weeks 1-2). Trainees who skip pre-reading will track Day 1 fine but find Days 4-5 (BetaFlight Modes and failsafe) harder.

Schedule: Mon–Fri, 09:00–16:00 with a 1-hour lunch break. 4 contact hours per day; 20 hours total. Workshop opens 08:30; trainees retrieve their builds and set up workstations. Workshop closes 16:30 — builds stay locked in workshop overnight; transmitters returned to the pool. Notable Week 3 difference: Tuesday afternoon includes ~30 min of outdoor time for GPS lock acquisition; bring sun protection and water for that block.

Pick a day. Get the configuration plan.

Each day below is a self-contained lesson plan. Click a day to see the morning and afternoon detailed schedules, the hands-on activities with specific steps, materials, common pitfalls, and the end-of-day check that confirms learning. Days are sequenced — running them out of order will produce gaps.

Day 1 of 5 · Monday ~4 contact hours · 09:00–16:00 with lunch

FC installation and BetaFlight intro.

Day 1 installs the brain. Morning: physically mounting the SpeedyBee F405 V4 flight controller on its rubber gummies, connecting the FC ribbon cable to the existing 4-in-1 ESC stack from Week 2, and verifying USB-C connectivity. Afternoon: first contact with BetaFlight Configurator — installing it on workshop laptops, connecting to each build, and walking through the Setup tab to watch the gyro respond to physical drone movement in real time. By end of day, each trainee has a build that BetaFlight recognises and that displays live sensor data.

By end of Monday, trainees can:

  • Install the SpeedyBee F405 V4 flight controller on rubber gummies (soft mount), oriented correctly relative to drone front.
  • Connect the FC to the 4-in-1 ESC via the ribbon cable, with correct pin alignment.
  • Connect the FC to a laptop via USB-C and verify the connection in BetaFlight Configurator.
  • Navigate the BetaFlight Setup tab: identify the 3D drone model, watch the gyro response to physical movement, identify the artificial horizon.
  • Articulate what the FC's job is in flight (read sensors, run PID loops, send commands to ESCs) and why "soft-mounting" matters (vibration isolation).
Block Time What happens Materials
M1
09:00–09:15
Welcome back and week overview. Recap: Week 2 ended with powered-up half drones; Week 3 makes them controllable. Hand out Week 3 add-on kits (FC, GPS, receiver, gummies, USB cable). The week's arc: Mon FC install + first BetaFlight; Tue GPS + outdoor lock; Wed receiver + binding; Thu channels + modes + failsafe; Fri assessment. Brief note: this is the program's cognitive peak; Saturday-session rate is normal.
Week 3 add-on kits × 6 (sealed) · the Week 2 builds retrieved from workshop storage
M2
09:15–10:15
FC anatomy and soft-mounting. Whiteboard plus physical FC. Walk through:
  • The SpeedyBee F405 V4: STM32F405 processor, gyro/accelerometer (MPU6500), barometer, microSD slot for blackbox logging, USB-C port.
  • What "soft-mounting" means: rubber gummies between FC and stack standoffs; isolates the gyro from frame vibrations.
  • Why vibration isolation matters: gyro picks up motor noise; PID loops misinterpret as movement; corrective inputs cause oscillation. Soft-mount fixes this at the source.
  • Front orientation: FC has an arrow or marking indicating "front"; must align with drone front (motor 1/4 side). Wrong orientation = drone flies sideways relative to commands.
  • The ribbon cable: short flat cable connecting FC to 4-in-1 ESC. Usually 6-pin or 8-pin. Pin orientation matters; reversed = no communication.
Whiteboard · spare SpeedyBee F405 V4 (demo unit) · rubber gummies · ribbon cables
M3
10:15–10:30
Break.
M4
10:30–12:00
FC physical installation. Each trainee mounts their FC:
  • Identify the 4 standoff positions on the ESC stack (already mounted from Week 2).
  • Slide rubber gummies onto each standoff (4 total).
  • Lower the FC onto the gummies; verify orientation (FC arrow points toward motors 1 and 4).
  • Secure with M3 nylock nuts on top side of gummies — do not over-tighten; gummies should compress slightly but not flatten. Cohort default: tighten until you feel resistance, then back off ¼ turn.
  • Connect the ribbon cable: ESC connector on one end, FC connector on the other. Pin 1 (usually marked with a red stripe or notch) must align on both sides.
  • Visually verify: FC sits level above ESC; ribbon cable tucked clean (not pinched, not stretched); gummies compressed but not flat.
Instructor circulates and checks every install before USB connection. Common errors caught here: FC orientation backwards, gummies over-compressed, ribbon cable reversed.
Hex driver kits · M3 nylock nuts · the 6 trainee builds
L
12:00–13:00
Lunch. Builds covered at workstations.
A1
13:00–13:30
BetaFlight intro. Whiteboard plus workshop laptop with BetaFlight Configurator open:
  • What BetaFlight is: open-source flight controller firmware. Cohort default for cohort builds. Alternative would be INAV (more autonomous-mission-focused) or ArduPilot (research-grade).
  • What the Configurator is: separate program (runs on Windows, Mac, Linux) that connects to the FC via USB and lets you read/write all settings.
  • The tab structure: Setup, Ports, Configuration, Modes, Receiver, Failsafe, OSD, Motors, CLI. Today touches Setup and Ports; Days 2-4 touch the rest.
  • The CLI tab — the "back door." Direct text-based access to all FC settings. Cohort default uses CLI rarely (only when the GUI tab doesn't expose a setting).
  • The pre-tuned CLI dump: cohort engineering provides a known-good v1 BetaFlight configuration as a CLI dump. Trainees won't use it today (they'll learn manually first), but it's the recovery option for builds that get badly misconfigured.
Workshop laptop with BetaFlight Configurator · projector or large screen for the demo
A2
13:30–14:30
First connection. Trainees pair with workshop laptops (4 laptops, 6 trainees, so two pairs share). For each build:
  • Connect USB-C cable from laptop to FC. No battery yet — the FC powers from USB.
  • Open BetaFlight Configurator.
  • Configurator should auto-detect the FC; click "Connect" in top-right.
  • If "Connect" doesn't work: confirm USB cable is data-capable (not charge-only); check Windows/Mac driver popup; sometimes requires a known-good cable swap.
  • Once connected: Configurator displays the Setup tab automatically. 3D drone model appears center-screen.
  • Tilt the build gently — the 3D model should mirror the movement in real time. This is the "hello world" moment — proof that the gyro and accelerometer are working.
Cohort experience: ~80% connect cleanly first try; ~20% need cable swaps or driver troubleshooting. Connection issues are common and not a build problem.
Workshop laptops × 4 (BetaFlight Configurator pre-installed) · USB-C cables (data-capable, multiple spares)
A3
14:30–14:45
Break.
A4
15:00–16:00
Setup tab walkthrough. With each trainee at a laptop, walk through the Setup tab in detail:
  • The 3D drone model — confirms gyro orientation. If the model tilts opposite to the build, the gyro orientation in Configuration tab needs flipping (covered Tuesday).
  • The artificial horizon — represents what the drone "thinks" level looks like. Should be horizontal when build sits flat.
  • Battery voltage display — currently 0V (no battery connected); this is normal during USB-only configuration.
  • Sensors panel — shows gyro/accel/baro values. Numbers move as trainees gently move the build.
  • Calibrate Accelerometer button — places the build flat and clicks the button to register "level". Don't do this yet — Tuesday's GPS work changes the build geometry; calibrate at end of week instead.
  • Save / Reboot buttons — bottom of every tab. Configurator changes don't persist until Save is clicked. This is a critical habit — many cohort 02 trainees made changes Day 1 then lost them after restarting; the discipline is "Save after every meaningful change."
Trainees note BetaFlight tab structure in their notebook — this is the reference they'll use through the rest of the week.
Same as A2

Common Day 1 pitfalls

  • FC orientation backwards: FC arrow pointing the wrong way. Caught visually before USB connection. Cohort default fix: instructor checks orientation against the v1 motor numbering diagram (motor 1 front-right; FC arrow toward motors 1+4); trainees re-mount if wrong. ~5 minutes to fix.
  • Ribbon cable reversed: cable connector flipped 180°. FC won't communicate with ESC; might also damage either component if powered. Cohort default fix: instructor confirms pin 1 alignment on both ends before USB connection; if reversed, gentle removal and reseat in correct orientation.
  • Over-compressed gummies: trainee tightens nuts too much; gummies flat instead of compressed. No vibration isolation; FC reads motor noise; tuning will be very difficult. Cohort default fix: visual check — gummies should look like compressed marshmallows, not pancakes; back off nuts until correct.
  • USB-C cable charge-only: cable physically fits but can't carry data. Configurator shows no FC; trainees blame the build. Cohort default fix: workshop labels its data-capable cables; trainees who try their own cables sometimes hit this. Quick swap to a labelled cable resolves.
  • Driver popup ignored on Windows: first time connecting an FC, Windows shows a driver-installation popup; trainees who close it before installing get persistent connection failures. Cohort default fix: instructor walks through driver install on first connection per laptop.
  • Forgetting to click Save: trainee makes a setting change, restarts, change is gone. Cohort default fix: reinforce the "Save after every change" habit early; instructor visibly clicks Save during demos.

End-of-day check. Before leaving, each trainee shows the instructor:

  • FC physically installed correctly (orientation right, gummies compressed appropriately, ribbon cable seated).
  • BetaFlight Configurator connects to their build via USB-C.
  • 3D drone model in Setup tab responds correctly to physical drone movement (no axis inversion).
  • Trainee can identify the artificial horizon and the sensors panel.

Builds disconnected from USB; covered at workstations. Trainees with persistent connection issues stay 15-30 minutes for one-on-one troubleshooting.

Tonight's prep for Tuesday. Optional: read fc-setup.html Section 3 (GPS configuration). Required: bring sun protection and water for Tuesday afternoon's outdoor GPS lock test (~30 min outdoors).

Complete Week 3 materials list.

Aggregated materials list for an instructor running Week 3 with 6 trainees. Cohort default budget: ~₱2,800 per trainee for Week 3 add-on components (FC, GPS, receiver, gummies, USB cable). Workshop laptops and BetaFlight Configurator are reused across cohorts; transmitters from Week 1 simulator are repurposed for binding.

Category Item Quantity (6 trainees) Cohort note
FC
SpeedyBee F405 V4 flight controller
6 (one per trainee) + 1 spare
Cohort default ~₱1,800 each. Becomes part of trainee's drone.
MOUNT
FC rubber gummies (soft mounts)
4 per build = 24 + ~10 spares
~₱20-50 each; spares cover over-tightened or torn gummies.
CABLE
FC-to-ESC ribbon cable
Included with FC; 2-3 spares for swaps
Spares cover damaged or pin-bent cables.
GPS
BN-880 GPS module
6 + 1 spare
Cohort default ~₱500-700 each. Becomes part of trainee's drone.
RX
FlySky FS-iA6B receiver
6 + 1 spare
Cohort default ~₱400-600 each. Pairs with FS-i6X transmitter.
TX
FlySky FS-i6X transmitters
8 (workshop pool, shared)
From Week 1 simulator setup; same units used for binding. Cohort tracks bindings.
BIND
Bind plugs
6 + 4 spares
Small jumpers; cohort makes them from female-female header pins. Reused across cohorts.
USB
USB-C cables (data-capable)
8 (one per laptop + 4 spares)
~₱150-300 each; data-capable required (charge-only cables fail). Workshop labels the data ones.
PC
Workshop laptops with BetaFlight
4 (Windows or Mac, recent)
Cohort default workshop fixture; BetaFlight Configurator pre-installed; STM32 USB drivers configured. Reused across all cohorts.
SOL
Soldering supplies
Stations × 6 (from Week 1); 60/40 solder ~50g; flux paste; heat shrink small diameter
Stations reused. Solder consumption lower than Week 2 (~50g vs ~150g) — only 7 small joints per trainee.
TOOL
Standard workshop tools
Hex drivers, multimeters, wire strippers — same kits from Weeks 1-2
Reused.
BAT
Charged 4S 1500mAh LiPo batteries
6 packs (one per trainee for binding + assessment)
Same packs from Week 2; rotated through charger.
SAFE
Fireproof bench, LiPo bags
Workshop fixtures from Week 2
Reused.
DRILL
Misconfigured demo builds (Friday drill)
5 demo builds with documented BetaFlight misconfigurations
Workshop demo builds; misconfigurations reset between cohorts. ~3-4 hours initial setup; periodic refresh.
PRINT
Printed materials
FC installation guide, BetaFlight tab reference, GPS mounting reference, receiver wiring reference, failsafe checklist, pre-tuned CLI dump (digital), assessment rubrics
~₱600 per cohort.
TRACK
Binding tracker sheet
Workshop wall poster
Tracks which transmitter binds to which build. Updated each cohort.

Per-cohort cost: ~₱18,000-22,000 total for 6 trainees (dominated by ~₱2,800 × 6 trainee add-on kits = ~₱17,000). Workshop laptops and transmitters are amortised across many cohorts. Per-cohort consumables: ~₱500-1,500 (solder, heat shrink, replacement small components, occasional FC or receiver replacement for trainees who damage during configuration).

One stack assessment plus a misconfiguration drill.

The Week 3 assessment is the stack demonstration — five specific things each trainee shows on their build, in sequence, with instructor observing. Like prior weeks, the assessment is diagnostic — trainees who don't pass cleanly get targeted Saturday support, not removal from the cohort. Week 3 has the highest Saturday rate of any week (~10%); this is expected because the week is genuinely cognitively hardest.

Stack assessment rubric

Each trainee performs the following five demonstrations on their own build, in sequence, with instructor observing:

  • 1. Arming: arming switch (AUX1 HIGH) arms the FC; motors briefly idle. Disarm; motors stop instantly.
  • 2. Throttle response: armed and idle; throttle stick controls all 4 motors proportionally; ~30% throttle produces visibly similar RPM across motors. Cut throttle to 0.
  • 3. Mode switching: AUX2 3-position switch engages ANGLE / HORIZON / ACRO modes correctly; verifiable in BetaFlight CLI status or live Modes tab.
  • 4. GPS lock: outdoor or near-window with sky view; satellite count reaches ≥6 with HDOP <2.0 within 5 minutes.
  • 5. Failsafe: armed at ~10% throttle; TX powered off; motors drop within 1 second.

Pass: 5/5. Conditional pass: 4/5 with minor documented issues. Saturday session: less than 4/5.

Misconfiguration drill assessment (afternoon)

Each pair rotates through 5 misconfigured demo builds. For each scenario, the pair must:

  • Inspect symptoms (BetaFlight tabs, transmitter behaviour).
  • Hypothesise which BetaFlight tab contains the misconfiguration.
  • Identify the specific setting that's wrong.
  • Record diagnosis on the build's tag.

Cohort default expectation: each pair correctly identifies at least 3 of 5 scenarios. Like Week 2's drill, this is graded on diagnostic process more than perfect identification.

Cohort default historical for Week 3: ~70% of trainees pass the stack assessment cleanly Friday morning; ~15-20% pass conditionally with minor issues; ~10-15% need Saturday session. The Saturday rate is intentionally higher this week — Week 3 is the cognitive peak; the curriculum is designed to support trainees who need extra time. All cohort 02 trainees who needed Saturday Week 3 sessions completed the program.