Lumipad

Frame and power: first build.

Week 2 is the first hands-on build week. Trainees touch real drone components for the first time — the carbon-fibre v1 frame, four brushless motors, the 4-in-1 ESC, the XT60 connector, a 4S battery. Monday morning starts with bare frame plates and hex drivers. By Friday afternoon, each trainee has a powered-up "half drone" — frame, motors, ESC, battery — that spins all four motors in the correct direction at 5% throttle. No flight controller yet; no flight yet. Just the foundation that the FC will sit on next week.

Version 1.0 · Updated 05·2026 Author: Lumipad Engineering License: CC-BY-SA-4.0 Languages: EN · TL · CEB

Five days, in detail. Pick the day.

This page is the day-by-day expansion of Week 2 in the curriculum overview. Each day is its own panel below — click a day tab to see the morning and afternoon schedules in detail, the hands-on activities with steps, the materials list, common pitfalls, and the end-of-day check.

Designed for two audiences. Cohort instructors running a Week 2 cohort use this as the lesson plan — block-by-block timing, the rubric for the half-drone assessment, where trainees in earlier cohorts typically introduce cold joints or reverse polarity. Trainees use this as preview-and-review — what to expect tomorrow, what to verify before powering on, what to read tonight before the next morning.

Tone shift from Week 1. Week 1 was foundational and lecture-heavy. Week 2 is hands-on with real components. Less talking, more soldering. The instructor's job shifts from explaining to circulating — coaching individual trainees through specific build steps, catching errors before power-on, building the muscle memory that supports the rest of the program. Most cohort 02 trainees report Week 2 as their favourite week of the program.

What to bring; what to review.

Week 2 is hands-on build work. Trainees should arrive Monday with their Week 1 vocabulary fresh and their hands ready to work. Most items are the same as Week 1; the change is the cohort default v1 build kit each trainee receives.

Item What it is Why Source
1
Closed-toe shoes + long pants Same as Week 1. Carbon-fibre dust, hot solder, and dropped hardware all argue for protection.
Build week produces small carbon-fibre dust during frame assembly; closed shoes prevent foot injury from dropped hex bits.
Trainee provides
2
Notebook + pen Same as Week 1. Build sequences, torque values, motor direction conventions — written notes outperform recall during build steps.
Trainees who reference written torque values produce better builds than those guessing.
Trainee provides
3
Reading glasses (if needed) Solder joints on motor wires are small; magnification helps identify cold joints visually.
Workshop has magnifying lamps but personal reading glasses are faster.
Trainee provides
4
Their Week 1 notebook Soldering technique notes, vocabulary, schematic-reading practice from Week 1 — referenced throughout Week 2.
Trainees who lost or didn't take Week 1 notes work harder during Week 2 to recall electronics fundamentals.
From Week 1
5
v1 build kit One per trainee. Frame plates, arms, standoffs, hardware, motor set (×4), 4-in-1 ESC stack (SpeedyBee F405), XT60 connector, 14 AWG wire, heat shrink. Sealed kit; trainees open Monday morning.
Cohort default ~₱14,500 per kit. Each trainee's kit becomes the drone they fly Week 5-6 and may keep after graduation per cohort agreement.
Cohort program supplies
6
All workshop tools Soldering stations, hex driver kits, multimeters, thread locker (Loctite 243 blue), strain-relief materials, build guides — all supplied by program.
Cohort default: program supplies all shared tools. Trainees keep personal kits; tools stay in workshop.
Cohort program

Recommended pre-week reading (optional but useful)

Trainees who arrive having read these track Week 2 content with measurably less confusion:

  • build.html in full: the v1 build BOM and assembly sequence — this is the canonical reference Week 2 builds against. ~30 min.
  • parts.html Sections 1-3: motor specifications, ESC types, frame structure. Provides the "why" behind the hardware choices Week 2 uses. ~20 min.
  • fc-setup.html intro: not Week 2 content (FC comes Week 3) but useful preview of where Week 2's build is headed. ~10 min.
  • Re-review their Week 1 soldering notes: Week 2 has 12+ solder joints per trainee in critical positions; refreshing technique helps quality.

Total: ~60-90 minutes of pre-reading. Optional. Trainees who skip this aren't behind — Week 2 covers everything practically — but pre-readers ask better questions and produce better builds.

Schedule: Mon–Fri, 09:00–16:00 with a 1-hour lunch break. 4 contact hours per day; 20 hours total for the week. Workshop opens at 08:30; trainees can settle in and lay out their Week 1 notes. Workshop closes by 16:30 for tool inventory and build storage. Each trainee's in-progress build stays at their assigned workstation overnight; all builds locked in workshop.

Pick a day. Get the build plan.

Each day below is a self-contained lesson plan. Click a day to see the morning and afternoon detailed schedules, the hands-on activities with specific steps, materials, common pitfalls, and the end-of-day check that confirms learning. Days are sequenced — running them out of order will produce gaps.

Day 1 of 5 · Monday ~4 contact hours · 09:00–16:00 with lunch

Frame assembly and motor mounting.

Day 1 is the first hands-on build day. Morning: each trainee assembles the v1 carbon-fibre frame from plates, arms, and standoffs — referencing the build guide and using torque values rather than "feels tight enough." Afternoon: mounting the four brushless motors. Motor screw length matters; too long pierces the windings and ruins the motor. By end of day, each trainee has a frame that holds together and four motors that pass continuity testing.

By end of Monday, trainees can:

  • Identify all hardware in the v1 frame kit and match each piece to its position on the build guide.
  • Assemble the v1 frame in the correct sequence with proper torque (not over-tightened, not loose).
  • Mount four brushless motors with the correct screw length for each frame arm.
  • Identify CW vs CCW motor positions and mark each motor accordingly.
  • Run a continuity check on each motor to verify all three windings are intact and isolated from the case.
Block Time What happens Materials
M1
09:00–09:15
Welcome back and week overview. Quick recap: where Week 1 left off, what Week 2 produces (powered-up half drone by Friday), the 5-day arc. Hand out v1 build kits — sealed, one per trainee. Don't open yet; instructor will walk through opening together.
v1 build kits × 6 (sealed) · build guide v1.2 (printed, one per trainee)
M2
09:15–10:00
Kit unboxing and inventory. Each trainee opens their kit on a clean workspace. Instructor walks through the contents using the build guide's parts list:
  • Top plate (carbon fibre, ~3mm) × 1
  • Bottom plate (carbon fibre, ~3mm) × 1
  • Frame arms × 4 (with motor mount holes)
  • Standoffs (M3 aluminium, mixed lengths) × 8-12
  • Hardware bag: M3 screws (mixed lengths), nylock nuts, washers
  • Motor set × 4 (cohort default 2207 ~2400KV)
  • Motor mounting screws (matched to motor set)
  • 4-in-1 ESC stack (SpeedyBee F405)
  • XT60 connector pigtail
  • 14 AWG silicone wire, red and black, ~30cm each
  • Heat shrink assortment
Trainees check inventory against the parts list. If anything is missing, flag it now — replacement parts take 24-48 hours from cohort supply.
Same kits + build guide
M3
10:00–10:15
Break.
M4
10:15–12:00
Frame assembly. Trainees work in pairs — one builds, one reads from the build guide. Switch roles halfway. Sequence:
  • Lay bottom plate flat. Identify front (FC mount holes face forward).
  • Insert M3 screws through bottom plate at the four arm-mount points.
  • Slide each arm onto its screws; secure with nylock nuts on top side.
  • Hand-tighten only at this stage — torque comes after all four arms are in.
  • Insert standoffs at the four corner positions (M3 × 25mm or 30mm depending on stack height).
  • Verify arm geometry: opposite arms parallel; adjacent arms at 90°. If askew, loosen and re-seat.
  • Final torque pass: hex driver to firm-but-not-deformed (cohort default ~0.6-0.8 N·m by feel; over-torquing cracks carbon plates).
  • Lift and check: frame should be rigid, no rattle, arms don't wiggle.
Instructor circulates throughout, checks each frame as it's completed, signs off before lunch.
Hex driver kits (M2-M4) × 6 · pre-printed build guide v1.2 · workshop tables (one per pair)
L
12:00–13:00
Lunch. Frames stay at workstations; covered to keep dust out.
A1
13:00–13:30
Motor anatomy and CW/CCW orientation. Whiteboard plus physical motors. Walk through:
  • The stator (the windings — what doesn't spin).
  • The bell (the rotor — what spins).
  • The shaft and prop-mount.
  • The three motor wires (will connect to ESC).
  • Motor numbering convention: looking down on drone, motor 1 is front-right, 2 is rear-right, 3 is rear-left, 4 is front-left.
  • CW/CCW pattern: motors 1 and 3 spin one direction; motors 2 and 4 spin the other. This is what counter-rotates the airframe — without it, the drone would spin uncontrollably.
Hand each trainee a single motor; have them spin the bell by hand to feel the magnetic detent (the "cogging" — that's the motor magnets passing the stator poles).
Whiteboard · cohort default motor set (one motor passed around) · v1 motor numbering diagram
A2
13:30–15:00
Motor mounting. Each trainee mounts all four motors on their frame:
  • Identify the correct screw length for the motor + arm combination. Critical step: too-long screws penetrate the motor windings on the underside; too-short screws don't engage enough thread.
  • Test-fit the motor on the arm; verify screw length by holding screw next to motor body — screws should sit flush in the threads with ~1-2mm of clearance from the windings.
  • Apply thread locker (Loctite 243 blue, one small drop per screw) to prevent vibration loosening.
  • Insert all four mounting screws through the arm into the motor; tighten in a star pattern (not in sequence — prevents stress concentration).
  • Mark each motor with its number (1-4) using a paint marker on the bell.
  • Mark CW vs CCW with arrows on the bell — easier than memorising which motor is which direction.
Repeat for all four motors. ~20-30 minutes per motor for first-timers; faster after the first one. Instructor circulates and double-checks screw lengths before any are tightened.
Loctite 243 (blue) thread locker · paint markers · hex drivers · the assembled frames
A3
15:00–15:15
Break.
A4
15:15–16:00
Continuity testing. Each trainee uses a multimeter (continuity mode) to test each motor:
  • Set multimeter to continuity (beep) mode.
  • Touch probes to any two of the three motor wires — should beep (low resistance, ~0.1-0.3Ω).
  • Repeat for all three pairs of wires — all three combinations should beep.
  • Touch one probe to a motor wire and the other to the motor case — should NOT beep (windings isolated from case; if it beeps, the motor has a short).
  • Spin the motor bell by hand while probing pairs of wires — resistance should stay roughly constant. Big variation indicates a damaged winding.
Trainees record results in their notebook (motor 1 ✓, motor 2 ✓, etc). Any failures get the motor swapped from spares before tomorrow's soldering work.
Multimeters × 6 · spare motors (1-2 backup units in cohort spares)

Common Day 1 pitfalls

  • Wrong screw length on motors: by far the most common Week 2 error. Trainees grab a screw that "looks right" without checking length against the motor. Cohort default fix: instructor explicitly checks every screw before tightening; trainees who damage a motor by piercing windings get a spare from cohort stock and a careful re-do.
  • Over-torquing carbon-fibre frame: trainees apply hardware-store-level torque; cracks the carbon plate around screw holes. Cohort default fix: explicit "firm-but-stops-when-you-feel-resistance" rule; instructor demonstrates the difference between snug and over-torqued.
  • Skipping thread locker: tempting because it's an extra step; consequence is motors that come loose during flight. Cohort default fix: thread locker is checklist-mandatory; instructor confirms before motor is tightened.
  • Forgetting to mark motor numbers + direction: Day 4 motor direction test depends on knowing which motor is which; trainees who skip marking spend extra time later identifying. Cohort default fix: motors are marked before they're mounted.
  • Continuity test confusion: trainees forget that probing wire-to-case should NOT beep; misinterpret the case-isolation test. Cohort default fix: instructor walks through the first motor's test with each trainee individually.

End-of-day check. Before leaving, each trainee shows the instructor:

  • Their assembled frame, sitting flat on the workbench (rigid, all hardware in place, no rattles).
  • Four mounted motors, all with thread locker applied, all marked with number and direction.
  • Continuity test results recorded in notebook for all four motors (all three winding pairs beep; case isolation confirmed).

Frames stay locked in workshop overnight at assigned workstations. Trainees take photos of their builds for personal reference but the physical build doesn't leave.

Tonight's prep for Tuesday. Optional: review parts.html Section 3 (ESC types) and the SpeedyBee F405 datasheet (linked in build.html). Tomorrow morning starts with ESC overview before any soldering. Required: bring Week 1 soldering notes; tomorrow's motor-to-ESC soldering is the most demanding solder work of the program (12 joints per trainee, in tight space).

Complete Week 2 materials list.

Aggregated materials list for an instructor running Week 2 with 6 trainees. Cohort default budget: ~₱14,500 per trainee for Week 2, dominated by the v1 build kit each trainee receives (and keeps as their drone for the rest of the program). Workshop tools and consumables are largely shared from Week 1.

Category Item Quantity (6 trainees) Cohort note
KIT
v1 build kit (per trainee)
6 sealed kits
~₱14,500 each. Includes frame, motors, ESC stack, XT60 pigtail, wire, hardware. Trainee keeps as their drone.
FC
SpeedyBee F405 ESC stack
Inside each kit; 1-2 spare units in cohort stock
Included in kit cost. Cohort default 4-in-1 ESC for 5"/7" builds.
MOT
Brushless motors (cohort default 2207 ~2400KV)
4 per kit + 2-3 spare units in cohort stock
Included in kit cost. Spares cover motors damaged by wrong screw length (rare with QA).
CONN
XT60 male connectors
1 per kit + 2-3 spare connectors
Included in kit. Spares cover de-solder/re-solder for polarity errors.
CAP
Capacitors (1000μF/35V)
1 per kit + 4-6 spares
Critical safety component; spares prevent "ran out at QA day" situation.
WIRE
14 AWG silicone wire (red + black)
~30cm of each per kit + ~3m extra in cohort stock
Included in kit. Extra covers re-cuts and longer XT60 pigtails on certain layouts.
SHRINK
Heat shrink (assorted)
~30 pieces per kit (motor wire, XT60 strain relief, ESC battery pad coverage)
Included. Cohort consumes more on Week 2 than any other week.
HW
Hardware (M3 screws, nylock nuts, standoffs)
Per kit + ~10% spares in cohort stock
Included. Spares cover dropped/lost hardware during assembly.
LOC
Thread locker (Loctite 243 blue)
1 small bottle (10ml) per cohort
~₱200-400; lasts multiple cohorts.
BAT
4S 1500mAh LiPo batteries
6 packs (one per trainee for power-on tests)
Cohort default ~₱1,500-2,000 each; workshop-shared, returned to cohort stock end of program. Trainees get their own packs Week 5.
CHRG
LiPo charger
1 cohort charger (cohort default ToolkitRC M7)
Reused from Week 1; charges all 6 packs overnight for next-day use.
SOL
Soldering supplies
Stations × 6 (from Week 1); solder ~150g; flux paste; heat shrink gun × 2
Stations reused. Solder is per-cohort consumable; cohort consumes ~150g during Week 2 (peak soldering week).
TOOL
Hex driver kits (M2-M4)
6 sets
~₱400-800 per kit; reused across cohorts.
TOOL
Wire strippers, pliers, cutters
6 sets each
Reused from Week 1.
DIAG
Multimeters
6 (one per trainee + 1 spare)
Reused from Week 1.
SAFE
Fireproof bench, LiPo bags
1 bench, 8 LiPo bags
Cohort default workshop fixture; LiPo bags ~₱200-400 each.
DRILL
Sabotaged demo builds (Friday drill)
4 demo builds with documented faults
Built once before the first cohort; reused across cohorts. Periodic refresh as faults get diagnosed and fixed during drills.
PRINT
Printed materials
Build guide v1.2 (per trainee), v1 motor direction diagram, ESC pad layout reference, QA checklists, assessment rubrics
~₱500 per cohort.
APP
SpeedyBee app
Free; trainees install on their phones
Workshop tablets as backup for trainees without compatible phones.

Per-cohort cost: ~₱90,000-100,000 total for 6 trainees (dominated by 6 × ₱14,500 build kits). The build kit is the trainee's drone for the rest of the program; the per-trainee cost is essentially the cost of the drone they keep, not a consumable training cost. Steady-state per-cohort consumables: ~₱2,000-3,000 (solder, heat shrink, replacement small hardware, capacitors, occasional motor or connector for damage repair).

One checkpoint; eight specific demonstrations.

The Week 2 assessment is the half-drone power-on demonstration. Eight specific checks performed by each trainee on their own build. Like Week 1, the assessment is diagnostic — trainees who don't pass cleanly get targeted support during Week 3, not removal from the cohort.

Half-drone assessment rubric

Each trainee performs the following eight demonstrations on their own build, in sequence, with instructor observing:

  • 1. Power-on: clean smoke check; no smoke, no spark, ESC startup tone heard.
  • 2. App pairing: SpeedyBee app pairs via Bluetooth on first attempt.
  • 3. Voltage reading: app shows battery voltage matching multimeter reading within 0.1V.
  • 4. Motor 1 direction: spins at 5% throttle; direction matches v1 diagram (CW).
  • 5. Motor 2 direction: spins at 5% throttle; direction matches v1 diagram (CCW).
  • 6. Motor 3 direction: spins at 5% throttle; direction matches v1 diagram (CW).
  • 7. Motor 4 direction: spins at 5% throttle; direction matches v1 diagram (CCW).
  • 8. No fault codes: ESC reports no errors throughout the assessment sequence.

Pass: 8/8. Conditional pass: 6-7/8 with documented issues. Saturday session: less than 6/8.

Troubleshooting drill assessment (afternoon)

Each pair rotates through 4 sabotaged demo builds. For each build, the pair must:

  • Conduct visual + multimeter inspection without powering up.
  • Hypothesise the fault.
  • Decide whether the build is safe to power on (or NOT, in the case of Build B with reversed polarity).
  • Record diagnosis on the build's tag.

Cohort default expectation: each pair correctly identifies at least 2 of 4 faults. The drill is graded on diagnostic process more than perfect identification — pairs that miss a fault but show good diagnostic discipline pass; pairs that randomly guess and happen to be right do not.

Cohort default historical: ~80% of trainees pass the half-drone assessment cleanly Friday morning; ~15% pass conditionally with minor issues; ~5% need Saturday session. The Saturday rate is higher than Week 1's (5% vs 5%) because Week 2 has more places where small mistakes accumulate. All cohort 02 trainees who needed Saturday Week 2 sessions completed the program.